BCOS-184 Short Notes
UNIt-4 Basics of E-Commerce
1. Meaning of e-Governance
e-Governance refers to the use of digital technologies to enhance the relationship between government and citizens, as well as among citizens themselves. Unlike e-Government, which primarily focuses on automating government processes and improving service delivery, e-Governance encompasses a broader scope. It involves:
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Citizen Engagement: Using digital platforms to facilitate communication and interaction between government and citizens, as well as among citizens. This includes online polling, digital democracy, and e-participation.
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Empowerment: Enabling citizens to have a more active role in governance and decision-making processes.
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Transparency and Accountability: Improving the transparency of government processes and holding government officials accountable through digital means.
Differences Between e-Government and e-Governance
• Focus:
o e-Government is primarily concerned with automating
government services to improve efficiency. Its goal is to streamline processes and enhance the delivery of public services through technology.
o e-Governance, on the other hand, focuses on engaging citizens and enhancing democratic processes. It aims to involve citizens more actively in governance and decision- making.
• Objectives:
o e-Government aims to improve service delivery, increase
operational efficiency, and extend the reach of public services. It seeks to make government services faster, more convenient, and less prone to corruption.
o e-Governance aims to increase citizen participation, improve public policy formulation, and redefine democratic processes and community engagement. It focuses on making governance more transparent and interactive.
• Benefits:
o e-Government offers benefits such as faster and more
convenient services, reduced delays and corruption, and
more effective use of resources.
o e-Governance provides benefits like enhanced citizen
participation, better integration of services, and improved communication and transparency.
Differences Between e-Commerce and e-Governance
• Motivation:
o e-Commerce is driven by the motivation to maximize
profit. It focuses on the commercial aspect of buying and
selling goods and services online.
o e-Governance is motivated by the desire to maximize
social utility and facilitate e-participation. Its focus is on
improving public service delivery and engaging citizens.
• Objectives:
o e-Commerce aims at the sale of products and services and
seeks to reduce costs associated with transactions and
business operations.
o e-Governance aims to reduce the cost of service delivery,
automate processes, and minimize the digital divide by
ensuring equitable access to services.
• Target Group:
o e-Commerce targets customers and potential customers,
aiming to attract and serve individuals who buy products
and services.
o e-Governance targets citizens and public services, aiming
to enhance the delivery of public services and foster
greater public engagement.
• Technology:
o e-Commerce relies on internet and web-based platforms to conduct transactions, manage sales, and handle customer interactions.
o e-Governance uses internet and web-based platforms to deliver information and services, aiming to improve transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in public administration.
4. Advantages of Employing Digital Technologies in Governance
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Fast and Convenient Services: Citizens can access and apply for public services online, reducing the need to visit offices physically and cutting down wait times.
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Reduction in Delays and Corruption: Digital systems streamline processes, improving transparency and reducing opportunities for corruption.
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Effective Resource Utilization: Digital technologies enhance the efficiency of resource use, improving overall governance performance.
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Enhanced Citizen Participation: Platforms for online engagement and feedback enable greater public involvement in decision-making.
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Integration of Services: Connecting various government departments through digital means ensures more cohesive and efficient service delivery.
5. Gartner’s Evolution Model of e-Governance
Gartner’s model outlines four phases of e-Government development:
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Information: Government websites and portals provide information to citizens, enhancing transparency and access to services.
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Interaction: This phase includes both one-way and two-way interactions between citizens and government agencies, allowing for online submissions and communications.
3. Transaction: Involves online transactions, such as paying utility bills or filing taxes, which eliminate the need for physical visits to government offices.
4. Transformation: Integrates all government services digitally, creating a seamless experience for citizens. This phase includes advanced technologies like AI and IoT.
6. Evolution of e-Governance in India
From 1970s to 1990s: Establishment of IT Infrastructure
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1970: Establishment of the Department of Electronics (DoE).
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1977: Formation of the National Informatics Centre (NIC).
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1987: Launch of NICNET, a satellite-based computer network.
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1990s: Use of office automation software and establishment of
District Information System of NIC (DISNIC).
From 1990s to Present: Major Initiatives
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Early 1990s: Introduction of online services like railway reservations.
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2000: Enactment of the Information Technology Act.
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2006: Launch of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) with
27 Mission Mode Projects.
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2008: Amendments to the IT Act and launch of National Service
Delivery Gateway (NSDG).
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2013: Introduction of GI Cloud (Meghraj) and Mobile Seva
framework.
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2014-2015: Launch of MyGov platform and e-Kranti as part of
the Digital India initiative.
Notable Projects:
• Passport Seva Project: Streamlined the process of passport issuance through digital integration of various stakeholders and services.
This comprehensive overview highlights the evolution and differentiation between e-Government, e-Governance, and e-
Commerce, along with significant milestones in the development of digital governance, particularly in India.
Digital India is an ambitious program by the Government of India aiming to transform the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Here’s a concise overview of the program’s vision areas, pillars, key initiatives, and state-level e-governance examples:
Vision Areas of Digital India
1. Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen:
o Ensures high-speed internet, secure cyberspace, mobile
connectivity, and bank accounts for all citizens.
2. Governance and Services On-Demand:
o Provides public services and entitlements in real-time through digital and mobile platforms.
3. Digital Empowerment of Citizens:
o Focuses on educating and sensitizing citizens about digital
technologies to make them digitally savvy and participative.
Nine Pillars of Digital India
1. Broadband Highways: Expanding internet access and connectivity.
2. Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity: Ensuring mobile connectivity for all.
3. Public Internet Access Programme: Providing internet access in public places.
4. e-Governance: Reforming Government through Technology: Using technology to improve government services.
5. e-Kranti: Electronic Delivery of Services: Offering services electronically.
6. Information for All: Making information accessible to all citizens.
7. Electronics Manufacturing: Boosting electronics manufacturing within India.
8. IT for Jobs: Creating job opportunities through IT.
9. Early Harvest Programmes: Quick wins in various digital areas.
Key Initiatives of Digital India
1. e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM):
o An electronic trading platform that integrates existing
APMC mandis into a unified national marketplace for
agricultural commodities.
2. Fertilizer Monitoring System (FMS):
o Monitors and prevents fake claims and pilferages, ensuring fertilizers reach the intended farmers.
3. Soil Health Card:
o Provides customized soil health information and
recommendations for optimal fertilizer use.
4. Government e-Marketplace (GeM):
o A dynamic platform for government procurement of goods and services, aimed at reforming public procurement processes.
5. DigiLocker:
o A platform for digital issuance and verification of
documents and certificates, promoting paperless
governance.
6. PMGDisha:
o An initiative for rural digital literacy, helping rural communities engage with the digital economy.
7. e-Granthalaya:
o Web-based library management software for automating
government libraries and promoting resource sharing.
8. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New Age
Governance):
o A single platform for accessing various government
services, integrating with Aadhaar and DigiLocker.
9. Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL):
10.
o Develops tools and applications to support all 22 officially
recognized Indian languages and promotes multilingual
knowledge resources.
National Knowledge Network (NKN):
o A high-speed network backbone for educational and research institutions in India.
State-Level E-Governance Initiatives
1. Akshaya in Kerala:
o Establishes community technology centers (e-Kendras) to
provide digital services and bridge the digital divide in
rural areas.
2. Real Time Governance (RTG) in Andhra Pradesh:
o CORE Dashboard displays real-time key performance indicators and reports of various government departments for transparency and efficiency.
These initiatives reflect a broad and integrated approach to enhancing digital infrastructure, governance, and services across India.
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